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Notre civilisation sera tenue d'apprendre à produire et à convertir le maximum d'information en connaissance et en richesses en utilisant le minimum d'énergie possible et ceci en recherchant systématiquement la valeur ajoutée...
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Notre civilisation sera tenue d'apprendre à produire et à convertir le maximum d'information en connaissance et en richesses en utilisant le minimum d'énergie possible et ceci en recherchant systématiquement la valeur ajoutée écologique. Cette dernière aura pour but de préserver, en premier lieu, la biodiversité gravement menacée ensuite de valoriser et utiliser les matériaux et produits naturels et en dernier, intégrer l'éco compatibilité de l'ensemble des productions industrielles et humaines dès leur conception.
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Low Carbon Technologies (LCTs), have a central role to play in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and to move towards a low carbon economy. Under the present global scenario, developing countries like India and China need to loo...
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Low Carbon Technologies (LCTs), have a central role to play in reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and to move towards a low carbon economy. Under the present global scenario, developing countries like India and China need to look forward for the development and deployment of LCTs in which only industrialized countries have major stake till date. Demand and potential of LCTs becomes crucial in Indian context where fossil fuel consumption is projected to increase rapidly in next decades and hence increased carbon emissions. The migration of global energy systems to low carbon pathways therefore depends upon the successful (technically and environmentally) and cost effective development and deployments of LCTs The LCTs that have been identified globally for production of energy in a renewable manner, for reducing carbon emissions while producing energy and for carbon capture and storage, are broadly classified as - clean coal technologies, carbon capture and sequestration (storage) technologies and renewable energy technologies with negligible or low carbon emissions compared to conventional energy technologies. In this paper, techno-economic and an environmental investigation and analysis of such low carbon energy technologies has been presented, with special emphasis on India. The paper identify, analyze and recommend, on the basis of available and collected / collated information and data, the promising and potential low carbon energy technology options suited to Indian conditions for grid connected power generation. The evaluation criteria adopted include - emission reduction potential, technological feasibility, and economic viability; and on its basis recommend a detailed action plan and strategy for guiding future research and development with a more focused approach considering current Indian policy framework.
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Sustainability has entered the lexicon, promoting a new dimension for our thinking on many issues. While it may be easy to achieve consensus on a broad-based definition of a moral obligation to achieve a more sustainable world, ac...
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Sustainability has entered the lexicon, promoting a new dimension for our thinking on many issues. While it may be easy to achieve consensus on a broad-based definition of a moral obligation to achieve a more sustainable world, actual implementation and measurement are complex and wrenching issues. We are entering an era of radical change in the energy field which is partly dictated by new policy and institutional requirements, and partly motivated by new inventions and know-how. The successful diffusion of these ideas and innovations into the mainstream market will bring important benefits to energy consumers around the world. The era of government jurisdiction based on separate and autonomous entities has been replaced with an intergovernmental and intersectoral network of industry, regulators, special interest groups and individual citizens. New forms of regulatory feedback will be inspired more by the concepts of networks- they will be flatter, leaner, and more flexible An evaluation of new methods for the diffusion of public awareness regarding energy technologies, policies and projects, was conducted using the technology platform of Facebook. This paper reports on the results of an eighteen month formal study of the Diffusion of Influence in Online Social Networks. The dynamic aspect of this study is crucial to understand how virtal collective phenomenon emerges and will help inform practice within groups of professionals dealing with these network effects in social change efforts and in the diffusion of new innovations and ideas. Specific research identified unique dynamics of virtual community behavior with respect to building consumer awareness campaigns. Results found that online connections seem to differ significantly from face-to-face relations. This study found that strengthening a connection from a virtual stranger to an online collaborator relied more on a series of reciprocated acts or concessions instead of the development of trust, based on emotional bonding. Conclusions from this study highlight the importance in creating two-way involvement in building a sense of commitment and consistency in online communities.
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This is a conceptual study, for MW to GW scale, comparing production, transmission, and storage costs for gaseous hydrogen (GEE) and anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fuels made from electricity generated from wind and other renewable resou...
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This is a conceptual study, for MW to GW scale, comparing production, transmission, and storage costs for gaseous hydrogen (GEE) and anhydrous ammonia (NH3) fuels made from electricity generated from wind and other renewable resources, with and without the low-cost, annual-scale, firming storage which would add great market and strategic value. Both fuels are suitable for vehicles and for distributed generation (DG) in stationary combined-heat-and-power (CHP), via fuel cells or internal combustion engines (ICE's). NH3 is also a valuable fertilizer, and this study briefly examines the economics of renewable-source versus fossil-source production of NH3 fertilizer. No pilot plant exists for confirming the system capital costs and conversion efficiencies we estimate in this study, although both GH2 and NH3 have been proposed for wind energy transmission and storage [1-6]. Hydrogen is promising as a clean-burning energy carrier, and modern electrolyzers can produce large volumes of high-pressure hydrogen, ready for direct pipeline transmission and/or for ammonia synthesis, from renewable energy sources. Renewable-source hydrogen can alternatively be stored and transported as NH3, which can be readily synthesized, following electrolysis, using atmospheric nitrogen, and be used at the delivery end-point as a fertilizer or a fuel. Both GH2 and NH3 transmission and firming storage will accelerate our conversion from fossil to diverse renewable resources, via major new markets including, and beyond, the electricity sector.
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The thermodynamic characteristics, such as temperature and pressure evolutions, of hydrogen storage systems are important to evaluate and optimize their performance. The thermodynamic models of hydrogen storage systems based on ma...
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The thermodynamic characteristics, such as temperature and pressure evolutions, of hydrogen storage systems are important to evaluate and optimize their performance. The thermodynamic models of hydrogen storage systems based on mass and energy balance equations can be expressed simply as lumped parameter or zero-dimensional models. Based on the authors' previous work on the charge-discharge cycle thermodynamics for gaseous hydrogen storage system, this article deals with an adsorption-desorption cycle thermodynamics for adsorptive hydrogen storage system, in which the reservoir is packed with porous adsorptive particles. For simplicity, the hydrogen adsorption amount is assumed proportional with the amount of gaseous hydrogen. Thus, the temperature and the pressure can be solved analytically and therefore can be used for validating the numerical models, e.g. Matlab/Simulink model, theoretically. The thermodynamic models described in this article are useful for developing more detailed multi-dimensional models or more general system level models. The examples given in this article may be served as benchmarks for system level simulations or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.
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The oil sands have become a significant source of secure energy supply and a major economic driver for Canada. As production in the oil sands expands so too has concern about the effects of development on communities, water, land,...
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The oil sands have become a significant source of secure energy supply and a major economic driver for Canada. As production in the oil sands expands so too has concern about the effects of development on communities, water, land, and air. This paper aims to provide a basis for an informed discussion about the oil sands by examining the current challenges facing development and by reviewing the central issues, both positive and negative facing the industry. This paper isn 't meant to provide an exhaustive list of all potential impacts associated with oil sands development or document the oil sands regulatory regime.
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The four BRIC countries - Brazil, Russia, India and China - expect to see electricity consumption soar in the next decade, jumping around 80 percent from current levels to an annual total of 9,300 TWh. The increased demand for pow...
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The four BRIC countries - Brazil, Russia, India and China - expect to see electricity consumption soar in the next decade, jumping around 80 percent from current levels to an annual total of 9,300 TWh. The increased demand for power will come as economic development and population growth combine to boost electricity usage by commerce, industry, transport and, above all, households. This surge in consumption will offer unprecedented opportunities for anyone connected to the electricity industry, from those building power stations and networks to energy saving service providers, metering systems and of course, those providing the finance and legal support services. Inevitably each country has particular requirements and specific areas of priority, however, all four BRIC countries have similarities when it comes to financing electricity investments and ensuring a proper return on the work involved, with high levels of regulatory, political and legal risk present in all four jurisdictions.
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In a carbon-constrained economy, two main methods of mitigating carbon emissions stand out: preventing carbon from being generated or preventing emissions from entering the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) at coal-fire...
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In a carbon-constrained economy, two main methods of mitigating carbon emissions stand out: preventing carbon from being generated or preventing emissions from entering the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) at coal-fired power plants and increasing the use of wind energy in the electricity sector are two major ways the United States could reduce the carbon intensity of its economy. However, these methods are associated with noncarbon impacts that differ greatly. This work compares the direct mining impacts of increased coal demand associated with CCS with those of increased aluminum demand associated with expanding transmission systems to enable incorporation of wind power. Coal demand is volumetrically far greater than aluminum demand, and it is continuous, as coal is consumed during use. Coal production for American use takes place in the United States, with most present and future production likely to center on the Appalachian and Western regions. Solid waste disposal, land disturbance, and water contamination are the main problems associated with coal mining. By contrast, aluminum is produced from bauxite, a resource imported by the United States. It is also produced from recycled metal, associated with no mining impact. Though process wastes occur domestically, this means that the direct mining impacts of aluminum extraction do not affect the United States. Aluminum needs for expanded transmission are quite limited, probably representing a one-time need for about 1.5% of Jamaica's annual bauxite production, while CCS coal needs could almost double American coal demand for the same mitigation.
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The Russian electricity system of today is largely a consequence of this and subsequent Soviet-era plans. Scores of power plants feed almost 1 million GW hours of electricity into a vast grid that comprises some 3.2 million kilome...
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The Russian electricity system of today is largely a consequence of this and subsequent Soviet-era plans. Scores of power plants feed almost 1 million GW hours of electricity into a vast grid that comprises some 3.2 million kilometres of cables that stretches across 11 time zones. This all makes the Russian market one of the largest on the planet, representing 5 percent of global power consumption.
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Energy consumption in China is expected to double over the next 20 years. Addressing the enormous scale of China's energy need and attendant increases in greenhouse gas emissions requires dramatic and rapid rollout of renewable en...
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Energy consumption in China is expected to double over the next 20 years. Addressing the enormous scale of China's energy need and attendant increases in greenhouse gas emissions requires dramatic and rapid rollout of renewable energy technologies. Mongolia has some of the world's best renewable energy resources but the scale of its market cannot tap them efficiently. Developing Mongolia into a significant exporter of renewable energy to China will create synergies of scale moving both countries towards their energy goals, creating jobs, and fostering growth while significantly reducing GHG emissions in the region.
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